Analytical chemistryLesson 2 of 2 in the course Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

Titration, Gravimetric, and Combustion Methods in Quantitative Analysis

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 4 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Quantitative chemical analysis determines how much of a substance is present in a sample. This lesson introduces the basic idea through vinegar analysis and explains the essential terms and process of titration.

2CH3CO2H(aq)+K2CO3(s)→2CH3CO2K(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)2\mathrm{CH_3CO_2H(aq)}+\mathrm{K_2CO_3(s)}\rightarrow 2\mathrm{CH_3CO_2K(aq)}+\mathrm{CO_2(g)}+\mathrm{H_2O(l)}

The amount of potassium carbonate needed to stop the bubbling indicated how much acetic acid had been present in a known amount of vinegar. This is an example of quantitative analysis: determining the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample using measurements and chemical relationships.

All flashcards

Buret
An instrument used to deliver controlled, measured volumes of titrant.
End point
The experimentally detected point at which a titration is stopped.
Gravimetric analysis
Analysis that determines the amount of an analyte using mass measurements.
Mass percent
The analyte mass divided by the total sample mass, multiplied by 100%.
Combustion analysis
A method that uses combustion-product masses to determine elemental composition.

Quiz questions

  1. What is the definition of molarity?Answer: Moles of solute per liter of solution.
  2. In acidic solution, how many moles of oxalic acid react per 2 moles of permanganate in the balanced reaction?Answer: 5 moles
  3. In combustion analysis, how are moles of hydrogen atoms in a sample obtained from the measured moles of water produced?Answer: Multiply the moles of water by 2.
  4. In precipitation gravimetry, what is typically done with the insoluble solid formed from a dissolved analyte?Answer: It is collected, dried, and weighed.
  5. What does an empirical formula represent?Answer: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Based on Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson, PhD (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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