Inorganic chemistryLesson 4 of 8 in the course Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

Carbonate Chemistry: Preparation, Reactions, and Applications

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

This lesson introduces carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions, the kinds of metals that form these compounds, and common ways carbonates are prepared. These ideas help explain how carbonate minerals form and how important carbonate materials are obtained.

The carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻, and the hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO₃⁻, are related polyatomic ions. Hydrogen carbonate is also called bicarbonate.

All flashcards

Carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions
Carbonate is CO32−\mathrm{CO_3^{2-}}; hydrogen carbonate, or bicarbonate, is HCO3−\mathrm{HCO_3^-}.
Carbonate precipitation
Dissolved metal and carbonate ions can combine to form an insoluble carbonate solid.
Limestone dissolution
Dissolved carbon dioxide and water convert calcium carbonate into dissolved calcium and hydrogen carbonate ions.
Hydrogen carbonate amphoterism
Hydrogen carbonate can act as either an acid or a base, depending on its reactant.
Trona processing
Trona is purified by recrystallization, then heated to produce sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide.

Quiz questions

  1. What products form when a carbonate reacts with an acid?Answer: A salt, carbon dioxide, and water
  2. When hydrogen carbonate reacts with soluble hydroxide, how does hydrogen carbonate behave?Answer: As an acid, forming carbonate and water
  3. Why do moistened baking-powder ingredients help dough rise?Answer: Their acid reacts with hydrogen carbonate, releasing carbon dioxide that expands the dough.
  4. How can an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate be prepared from a hydroxide solution?Answer: Saturate the solution with carbon dioxide, then evaporate the water.
  5. What role do carbonates play in glass making?Answer: They provide a source of oxide ions.

Based on Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson, PhD (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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