Organic chemistryLesson 1 of 1 in the course Organic Chemistry

Alcohols, Ethers, Carbohydrates, and Glucose in Diabetes

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 4 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Alcohols are an important family of organic compounds containing oxygen. Their hydroxyl group gives them characteristic structures and provides a foundation for understanding how alcohols are named and used.

An alcohol is a hydrocarbon derivative in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by a hydroxyl group, written –OH. The oxygen in an alcohol is attached to a carbon atom by a covalent bond.

All flashcards

How does the hydroxyl group in an alcohol differ from hydroxide in sodium hydroxide?
In an alcohol, –OH is covalently bonded to carbon within a molecule; sodium hydroxide contains OH⁻ ions.
What is the basic naming rule for alcohols?
Choose and number the longest chain containing the carbon bonded to –OH, then replace the alkane ending -e with -ol.
What are ethylene glycol and glycerine?
They are polyalcohols: ethylene glycol is 1,2-ethanediol, and glycerine is 1,2,3-propanetriol.
How are ethers named using common names?
Name the two carbon-containing groups attached to oxygen, followed by the word “ether.”
What functional groups occur in carbohydrate structures?
Carbohydrates contain alcohol groups, and linkages joining sugar units are ether linkages.

Quiz questions

  1. Which general structure identifies an ether?Answer: R–O–R′
  2. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CH₂–O–CH₂CH₃?Answer: Ethoxyethane
  3. When ethanol is heated with limited sulfuric acid at about 140 °C, which products form?Answer: Diethyl ether and water
  4. Which two monosaccharides combine to make lactose?Answer: Glucose and galactose
  5. What role does insulin have in regulating blood glucose?Answer: It helps move glucose from blood into cells.

Based on Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson, PhD (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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