This lesson introduces deontology and explains why duty and moral rules are central to this approach to ethics.
The word deontology comes from the Greek deon, meaning “duty,” and logos, meaning “study” or “science.” Deontology is therefore the study or science of duty. In ethics, it refers to theories that explain morality through duties, obligations, and rules that bind us.
All flashcards
What is a good will in Kant’s ethics?
A will that chooses to fulfill moral duties; Kant regards it as valuable in itself, not merely for its results.
What is the difference between acting from duty and acting in accordance with duty?
Acting from duty means acting because one recognizes a moral requirement; acting in accordance with duty may have another motive.
What is a maxim in Kantian ethics?
A personal rule or principle that an agent follows in acting.
What does it mean to treat someone merely as a means?
To use someone as a tool while disregarding or undermining their rational agency.
What is a prima facie duty in Ross’s ethics?
A genuine moral commitment that normally counts in favor of an action but can be outweighed in context.
Quiz questions
Which ethical approach grounds moral rightness in conformity to morally binding duties or rules?Answer: Deontology
What distinguishes a categorical imperative from a hypothetical imperative?Answer: A categorical imperative commands unconditionally, regardless of a person’s goals.
Under Kant’s universal law formulation, what should an agent ask about a proposed maxim?Answer: Whether the maxim could be willed as a universal law.
What does Kant’s humanity formulation require?Answer: Treat rational beings as ends, not merely as means.
In Ross’s account, what is an actual duty?Answer: The obligation that is most pressing in the particular circumstances.