This lesson introduces the origins of the Mughal Empire and examines how Babur founded it and Akbar transformed it into a powerful, diverse state. Understanding their different approaches helps explain how conquest and political cooperation shaped early Mughal rule.
Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur inherited the small Central Asian state of Fergana at age eleven, in 1494. Through his father, he was descended from Timur; through his mother, he belonged to the family of Chinggis Khan. Babur hoped to rule lands once conquered by Timur.
All flashcards
Who was Babur?
A Central Asian ruler descended from Timur and from the family of Chinggis Khan who founded Mughal rule in India.
What was the significance of Babur’s 1526 victory?
His defeat of the Delhi Sultanate established Mughal rule in India.
What was the jizya?
A tax imposed on non-Muslims that Akbar abolished as part of his governing policies.
Who were mansabdars?
Mughal officials whose ranks and responsibilities could change and who recruited cavalry.
What was Din-i Ilahi?
Akbar’s personal religious movement, which combined elements from multiple faiths.
Quiz questions
What did Vasco da Gama accomplish in 1498?Answer: He sailed around Africa and across the Indian Ocean to Calicut.
What was the purpose of the Portuguese cartaz system?Answer: To require ships to carry a paid permit and channel trade through Portuguese-controlled posts.
What is a trade diaspora?Answer: A community of merchants from elsewhere who establish themselves in a trading center.
Which role did Nur Jahan play under Jahangir?Answer: She participated in diplomacy, issued imperial edicts, and helped shape the succession.
What did Shivaji declare in 1674?Answer: He declared himself an emperor, asserting Maratha sovereignty.
Based on World History Volume 2, from 1400 by Ann Kordas, Ryan J. Lynch, Brooke Nelson, Julie Tatlock (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.