Research writing is more than gathering information: it is a way to make a supported contribution to an ongoing scholarly conversation. This lesson introduces the purpose and conventions of evidence-based research writing, explains how research differs across disciplines, and defines key terms that help writers develop and support a position.
A research topic is connected to ideas and discussions that existed before a writer began investigating it and may continue long after the writer has finished. Thinking of research as a scholarly conversation can make the process feel less intimidating: a researcher listens to what others have said, evaluates their contributions, and adds a reasoned perspective.
All flashcards
What is a scholarly conversation?
An ongoing exchange of research and ideas. A writer joins it by considering previous contributions and adding a reasoned perspective supported by evidence.
What is the difference between a topic and a research question?
A topic is the broad subject area. A research question narrows that subject into an inquiry guided by the project’s purpose, audience, and genre.
How are a thesis and a claim related?
A thesis is the project’s main position or answer to its research question. Claims are points in the report that support the thesis with research and evidence.
What are internal and external citations?
Internal citations are short references in the text. External citations are full source entries, including publication information, on a Works Cited or References page.
What is field research?
Primary research a writer conducts through observation or experimentation, such as interviews, site visits, observing work, or experiments.
Quiz questions
What does it mean to think of research as a scholarly conversation?Answer: It means engaging with others’ ideas and adding a reasoned perspective supported by evidence.
How do humanities research approaches commonly differ from those in the social and physical sciences?Answer: Humanities research often interprets texts and ideas; social and physical sciences often examine data through observation, measurement, and testing.
Which statement best distinguishes a research question from a thesis?Answer: A research question guides and narrows inquiry; a thesis states the position or hypothesis that answers it.
A student interviews local business owners to learn how a new policy affects them. What kind of research is the student conducting?Answer: Field research, because the student gathers original information through interviews.
A report uses brief source references in its paragraphs and full publication details on a References page. How do these citation parts work together?Answer: The internal references point readers to external entries that credit sources and help locate them.
Based on Writing Guide with Handbook by Michelle Bachelor Robinson, Maria Jerskey, featuring Toby Fulwiler (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.