BioinformaticsLesson 1 of 4 in the course Genomics and sequencing

DNA Sequencing: Methods, Workflows, and Applications

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

Save course
Lesson progress
0 / 5

Your progress is kept in this browser only.Sign up to save it

Summary

DNA is built from nucleotide units. In canonical DNA, each nucleotide contains one of four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). Sequencing identifies the physical order of these bases along a DNA molecule—for example, A-C-G-T-T.

In the double-helix model, DNA has two complementary strands running in opposite directions. A pairs with T, and C pairs with G. Because of this complementarity, the sequence of one strand can be used to infer the sequence of the other.

All flashcards

Complementary DNA strands
DNA strands whose bases pair by the rules A–T and C–G.
Dideoxynucleotide (ddNTP)
A modified nucleotide that stops DNA extension when incorporated during Sanger sequencing.
Sequencing read
A stretch of DNA sequence inferred from sequencing data.
Read trimming
Removal of low-quality or problematic portions of sequence reads before downstream analysis.
Genomic data privacy
Protection of sensitive genetic information, including decisions about consent, access, and sharing.

Quiz questions

  1. What happens when a ddNTP is incorporated during Sanger sequencing?Answer: DNA extension stops at that position.
  2. How does Maxam–Gilbert sequencing generate information about DNA order?Answer: Chemical reactions cleave DNA at particular bases, and fragment sizes are analyzed.
  3. How does nanopore sequencing infer DNA sequence?Answer: It interprets changes in ionic current as DNA passes through a pore.
  4. What is a central feature of next-generation sequencing?Answer: Many DNA fragments are sequenced concurrently.
  5. How does shotgun sequencing support reconstruction of a longer DNA sequence?Answer: Random fragments are sequenced and assembled using overlaps.

Based on the Wikipedia article DNA sequencing, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

More in Bioinformatics

All Bioinformatics lessons
BioinformaticsBiological Databases: Data Types, Integration, and Specialized Resources5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →BioinformaticsHuman Genome Project: Sequencing, Collaboration, and Reference Completion5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →BioinformaticsGenBank: Submissions, Records, and Critical Use5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →BioinformaticsPhylogenetic Inference: Trees, Methods, Classification, and Applications5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →BioinformaticsSmith–Waterman Local Alignment: Scoring, Traceback, and Efficiency5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →BioinformaticsBLAST: Algorithms, Search Programs, Statistics, and Result Interpretation5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →