Plant Organization, Meristems, and Vascular Tissues

All flashcards

What is a meristem?

A meristem is a region of a plant where meristematic cells divide and contribute to growth. These cells are undifferentiated or incompletely differentiated.

What are the functions of the shoot and root systems?

The shoot system, usually above ground, includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits; it supports photosynthesis and reproduction. The root system usually anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals.

How do apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems differ?

Apical meristems at root and stem tips increase length. Lateral meristems increase thickness or girth. Intercalary meristems, found in monocots, enable growth from leaf bases and nodes.

What are the three main types of permanent plant tissue?

Dermal tissue covers and protects the plant, ground tissue supports functions such as photosynthesis and storage, and vascular tissue transports materials.

What do xylem and phloem transport?

Xylem conducts water and nutrients from the roots to other plant parts. Phloem transports organic compounds, including photosynthetic sugars, to other parts of the plant.

Quiz questions

1. Which structures are characteristic of plant cells compared with animal cells?Answer: Cell walls, plastids, and a large central vacuole.
2. What are the two main organ systems of vascular plants?Answer: The shoot system and the root system.
3. Which meristem allows a lawn grass leaf to continue elongating from its base after mowing?Answer: An intercalary meristem.
4. A plant is increasing in thickness as it matures. Which meristem is primarily responsible?Answer: The lateral meristem.
5. Which statement correctly compares the main transport roles of xylem and phloem?Answer: Xylem moves water and nutrients from roots; phloem distributes organic compounds.