Cell biologyLesson 1 of 1 in the course Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cell Organization and Specialized Organelles

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

Save course
Lesson progress
0 / 5

Your progress is kept in this browser only.Sign up to save it

Summary

Eukaryotic cells are organized into specialized compartments that help them carry out many tasks efficiently. This lesson introduces the features that distinguish eukaryotic cells and examines the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and ribosomes.

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, numerous membrane-bound organelles, and several rod-shaped, linear chromosomes. The membrane surrounding the nucleus gives it the name true nucleus. In contrast, prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

All flashcards

What makes a cell eukaryotic?
A eukaryotic cell has a membrane-bound nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and linear chromosomes.
What is an organelle?
An organelle is a specialized cell structure that performs particular functions, often within its own compartment.
What do microvilli do?
Microvilli are plasma-membrane projections that increase surface area, helping specialized cells absorb substances such as nutrients.
What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?
Cytoplasm is the region between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope, including organelles and cytosol. Cytosol is the gel-like fluid portion of the cytoplasm.
How do ribosomes use mRNA?
Ribosomes read the mRNA code and translate it into a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.

Quiz questions

  1. Which role do peroxisomal enzymes perform when oxidation reactions produce hydrogen peroxide?Answer: They convert it into less harmful water and oxygen.
  2. What are stacks of thylakoids in a chloroplast called?Answer: Grana
  3. According to endosymbiotic theory, what gave rise to mitochondria?Answer: Aerobic bacteria that lived inside ancestral host cells
  4. What enables lysosomal enzymes to break down cellular materials?Answer: The lysosome's interior is more acidic than the cytoplasm.
  5. What is the principal organic material in plant cell walls?Answer: Cellulose, a polysaccharide made of glucose units

Based on Biology 2e by Mary Ann Clark, Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

More in Cell biology

All Cell biology lessons
Cell biologyKinesin Structure, Motility, Regulation, and Cellular Roles5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →Cell biologyPhotosynthesis: Energy Capture, Chloroplast Structure, and Reactions5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 4 gamesPlay free →