Cell biologyLesson 2 of 4 in the course Reproduction at the Cellular Level

Cell-Cycle Phases, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Checkpoints

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

The cell cycle is an ordered sequence of growth and division that produces two daughter cells. This lesson focuses on interphase, when a cell carries out its usual activities while preparing to divide.

The cell cycle has two major phases: interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the duplicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated to form two daughter cells.

All flashcards

What is interphase?
The part of the cell cycle in which the cell carries out normal activities, grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for division. It includes G₁, S, and G₂.
What are sister chromatids?
Two identical copies of a replicated chromosome that remain attached to one another at the centromere.
What is the role of centrosomes in cell division?
They help give rise to the mitotic spindle, which organizes the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.
What is cytokinesis?
The physical separation of cytoplasmic contents that completes cell division.
What is G₀?
A quiescent state in which a cell is not actively preparing to divide; some cells can return to G₁ after an appropriate signal.

Quiz questions

  1. Which sequence gives the stages of mitosis in order?Answer: Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
  2. How does cytokinesis typically occur in an animal cell?Answer: An actin contractile ring forms a cleavage furrow that deepens and separates the cell.
  3. What does the G₁ checkpoint assess before a cell proceeds into S phase?Answer: Whether the cell is large enough, has adequate resources, and has undamaged DNA.
  4. Which statement best describes cells in G₀?Answer: They are not actively preparing to divide, though some can return to G₁.
  5. How does cytokinesis typically occur in a plant cell?Answer: Golgi vesicles fuse at the center to form a cell plate that expands outward.

Based on Concepts of Biology by Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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