Human population growth can be understood using the same population-dynamics concepts applied to other species. This lesson explores why the human population has grown rapidly, how people have increased the carrying capacity of their environments, and why that growth may still face limits.
A population grows exponentially when its size increases by a consistent proportion over time. Human population has experienced exponential growth, even though human reproduction is far below its biotic potential—the maximum reproductive capacity of a population under ideal conditions.
All flashcards
What is carrying capacity?
The population size an environment can sustain over time, given its resources and conditions.
What is biotic potential?
The maximum reproductive capacity of a population under ideal conditions; human reproduction is far below this potential.
How do humans overcome some density-dependent limits?
They use cooperation and technology, including shelter, agriculture, domesticated animals, and shared knowledge, to alter environments and increase access to resources.
How have public health measures influenced human population growth?
Sanitation, antibiotics, and vaccines have reduced the impact of infectious disease as a limit on human population growth.
Why could Earth's carrying capacity for humans decrease?
Environmental damage can undermine ecosystems and resource systems, potentially reducing the number of people the environment can support.
Quiz questions
What does age structure describe in a population?Answer: The proportions of individuals in different age ranges.
What does a broad base in a pyramidal age-structure diagram generally suggest?Answer: A large young population and potential for future growth.
Which age-structure pattern can occur in a population with zero growth?Answer: A more conical structure with many middle-aged and older people.
What range did United Nations estimates give for world population in 2100?Answer: Between 6 billion and 16 billion people.
What population trend prompted countries such as Japan and Spain to try to increase population growth?Answer: Declining birth rates.
Based on Biology 2e by Mary Ann Clark, Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.