This lesson introduces the four classifications of adaptive immunity and explains how vaccination can protect individuals and populations.
Active immunity occurs when a person's own adaptive immune system is activated and produces a response, including memory cells. Passive immunity occurs when antibodies or other adaptive defenses are transferred from another individual. Passive protection can act quickly, but it does not generally create the recipient's own immune memory.
All flashcards
Active immunity
Protection produced by a person's own adaptive immune response, which can form immune memory.
Passive immunity
Protection received through transferred antibodies or other adaptive defenses; it generally does not create the recipient's immune memory.
Maternal antibody transfer
IgG crosses the placenta, while secretory IgA can pass to an infant through breast milk.
Cross-reactive immune memory
Memory formed against one pathogen can recognize related antigens on another pathogen.
DNA vaccine
A vaccine that delivers plasmid genes so recipient cells produce and present pathogen antigens.
Quiz questions
What material distinguished Jenner's vaccination approach from smallpox variolation?Answer: Jenner used material from cowpox lesions; variolation used smallpox material.
What characteristic distinguishes a live attenuated vaccine from an inactivated vaccine?Answer: Its weakened pathogen remains alive and can replicate in the recipient.
Why does linking a capsule polysaccharide to a protein improve vaccination in young children?Answer: The protein enables a T-dependent response to the polysaccharide.
How can a DNA vaccine lead to antigen presentation through MHC I?Answer: Recipient cells transcribe plasmid genes, translate the RNA, and present the resulting antigens.
Based on Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister, Brian M. Forster (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.