Skin cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the skin. This lesson introduces how cancer forms, how ultraviolet (UV) exposure contributes to risk, and how the three major skin cancers differ.
Cancer is a broad term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without normal control. Accumulated DNA mutations may allow cells to survive when they should die and to proliferate excessively, forming a tumor. Some cancers can spread from their original site to other organs; this spread is called metastasis.
All flashcards
What is cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cells that divide without normal control. Accumulated mutations can help cells evade normal cell death and proliferate excessively.
What does metastasis mean?
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from their original site to other parts of the body, where they may establish new tumors.
Where does basal cell carcinoma begin?
It begins in mitotically active stem cells of the epidermal stratum basale and commonly affects sun-exposed areas.
What cells give rise to melanoma?
Melanoma involves uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the epidermis.
What does ABCDE stand for in melanoma screening?
Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Diameter greater than 6 mm, and Evolving changes. These are warning signs for medical assessment, not a diagnosis.
Quiz questions
How can ultraviolet radiation contribute to skin cancer?Answer: It can damage DNA in skin cells; melanin offers some protection but does not eliminate risk.
Compared with basal cell carcinoma, how does squamous cell carcinoma typically behave?Answer: It is more aggressive and can metastasize if not removed.
What is a dermatologist?Answer: A medical doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating skin disorders.
Which tissues can a fourth-degree burn reach?Answer: Underlying muscle or bone.
Which signs are associated with nodular melanoma?Answer: Elevated, firm, and growing.
Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.