PathologyLesson 1 of 2 in the course Circulatory and Lymphatic System Infections

Circulatory and Lymphatic Pathways, Filtering Organs, and Infection

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

The circulatory system moves blood through a closed network of vessels, powered by the heart. Its organization allows oxygen, nutrients, and immune factors to reach tissues while waste products are carried away. Understanding this route also helps explain how microbes entering the blood can travel widely.

The heart is a four-chambered pump. Blood returning from the body is low in oxygen. It enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava, then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Contraction of the right ventricle sends blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

All flashcards

How does lymph form and return to the blood?
Fluid that leaves blood capillaries and collects around cells enters lymphatic capillaries as lymph, then travels through lymphatic vessels toward drainage points into veins.
Which tissues are primary and secondary lymphoid tissues?
Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid tissues. The spleen, lymph nodes, and diffuse lymphoid tissues are secondary lymphoid tissues.
How does a lymph node monitor lymph from nearby tissues?
Lymph enters through afferent vessels, encounters immune cells in the node, and leaves through efferent vessels.
What distinguishes sepsis from a general systemic inflammatory response?
Sepsis involves a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response related to infection; a systemic inflammatory response can also have other triggers.
How can microbes enter the circulatory system?
They may enter through skin breaks such as wounds, needles, catheters, or insect bites, or spread from a local infection.

Quiz questions

  1. Which vessels carry blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs?Answer: Pulmonary arteries
  2. Which vessels bring lymph into a lymph node?Answer: Afferent lymphatic vessels
  3. What does viremia mean?Answer: The presence of viruses in the blood
  4. What is systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)?Answer: An excessive, damaging systemic inflammatory response
  5. What are small red or purple skin spots that may result from vessel damage called?Answer: Petechiae

Based on Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister, Brian M. Forster (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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