PathologyLesson 2 of 2 in the course Respiratory System Infections

Respiratory Viral Diseases: Colds, Influenza, Pneumonia, and Related Infections

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

The common cold is a frequent, usually mild infection of the nasal cavity caused by many different viruses. Understanding how colds spread and why they cause familiar symptoms helps distinguish them from more serious respiratory illnesses.

The common cold is not one disease caused by one virus. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms. The most common groups include rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses.

All flashcards

Why are influenza vaccine formulations updated each year?
Circulating influenza strains change, so vaccines are updated to target strains expected to predominate.
What does a negative rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) result mean?
It does not rule out influenza because RIDTs can produce false-negative results.
How can neuraminidase inhibitors affect influenza?
When used early, they can shorten the illness.
What serious complication can rubella cause during pregnancy?
Congenital rubella syndrome, with the greatest risk of severe outcomes early in pregnancy.
Where can varicella-zoster virus remain latent after chickenpox?
In sensory nerve cells, including dorsal root ganglia.

Quiz questions

  1. What role does influenza hemagglutinin play during infection?Answer: It binds sialic acid receptors and helps the virus enter host cells.
  2. What distinguishes antigenic shift in influenza?Answer: A substantial antigenic change associated with reassortment of genome segments.
  3. What are the multinucleated giant cells formed when RSV causes host cells to fuse called?Answer: Syncytia.
  4. Which finding is a characteristic diagnostic clue for measles?Answer: Koplik spots, which are small white spots on inflamed inner cheek tissue.
  5. What can happen when a person without immunity comes into contact with shingles lesions?Answer: They may acquire varicella-zoster virus and develop chickenpox.

Based on Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister, Brian M. Forster (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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