This lesson examines cystitis, a bladder infection that commonly results from bacterial entry into the urinary tract. It also explains why certain people are at greater risk and how clinicians screen for and confirm infection.
Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, most often caused by a bacterial infection. It can also occur as a reaction to irritants or treatments, including hygiene sprays, spermicides, or radiation treatment.
All flashcards
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder, most often caused by bacterial infection.
Leukocyte esterase
A dipstick finding associated with leukocytes that may indicate inflammation or infection.
Clean-catch urine specimen
A midstream urine sample collected to reduce contamination by genital-area microbiota.
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Glomerular inflammation triggered by immune complexes after Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
Leptospirosis
An infection caused by pathogenic Leptospira, often acquired from animal-urine-contaminated environments.
Quiz questions
In post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, what triggers inflammation in the glomeruli?Answer: Immune complexes lodge in glomerular capillaries and trigger inflammation.
How do people commonly acquire leptospirosis?Answer: Through contact with water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine.
What does the term Weil's disease describe?Answer: Severe leptospirosis involving the kidneys and liver.
What distinguishes nongonococcal urethritis from gonorrheal urethritis?Answer: It is urethral inflammation not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Why are beta-lactam antibiotics ineffective against Mycoplasma through cell-wall targeting?Answer: Mycoplasma bacteria lack a cell wall.
Based on Microbiology by Nina Parker, Mark Schneegurt, Anh-Hue Thi Tu, Philip Lister, Brian M. Forster (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.