Physical training changes how skeletal muscles look and perform. This lesson explains how muscles adapt to endurance and resistance exercise, and why different training approaches produce different results.
Skeletal muscle adapts to the demands placed on it. When a muscle is used regularly, its fibers can change in size and cellular composition. When it is not used, performance and muscle mass can decline.
All flashcards
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of existing muscle fibers, chiefly because structural proteins are added. It does not normally involve forming new muscle cells.
What is angiogenesis, and why can it matter in endurance training?
Angiogenesis is the formation of additional blood vessels, including capillaries. Greater capillary supply helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to muscle and remove metabolic waste.
How does myoglobin support endurance muscle activity?
Myoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein in the sarcoplasm. It stores oxygen and helps make it available to mitochondria for aerobic metabolism.
Which fibers are strongly associated with powerful resistance exercise?
Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers support powerful, brief contractions because they enable rapid ATP hydrolysis and cross-bridge formation.
What is progressive overload?
Progressive overload is the gradual increase in exercise demands as muscles adapt, providing a new stimulus for continued training gains.
Quiz questions
What does erythropoietin (EPO) stimulate in the body?Answer: The production of red blood cells.
Which health risk is associated with nonmedical anabolic steroid use?Answer: Infertility.
What does the term sarcopenia mean?Answer: Age-related muscle atrophy.
In aging muscle, what may replace muscle fibers that die?Answer: Connective tissue and adipose tissue.
How can suitable exercise affect age-related muscle loss?Answer: It can delay or offset some functional effects, but does not fully reverse sarcopenia.
Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.