Realism is one of the major approaches to understanding international relations. It explains world politics by focusing on states, power, security, and competition in a system without a central authority.
Realism views international politics as ongoing competition among self-interested states. States seek to protect themselves, advance their national interests, and secure influence. Because no world government has authority over all states, each state must make its own arrangements for survival.
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Anarchy in international relations
The absence of a central authority above states that can reliably enforce rules or guarantee security.
Security dilemma
A cycle in which one state's defensive measures make another state feel less secure and prompt countermeasures.
Balancing
States' efforts to resist a concentration of power that could threaten their independence.
Classical realism and neorealism
Classical realism emphasizes human nature; neorealism emphasizes the anarchic structure of the international system.
Realpolitik
A practical approach to policymaking that emphasizes the pursuit and use of power.
Quiz questions
How does classical realism differ from neorealism in explaining conflict?Answer: Classical realism emphasizes human nature; neorealism emphasizes the international system's anarchic structure.
What does multipolarity describe in international relations?Answer: A system with three or more major power centers.
What is the key distinction between realism and Realpolitik?Answer: Realism is a theoretical framework; Realpolitik is a practical approach to policymaking.
Which emphasis is most closely associated with the Wilsonian approach to international politics?Answer: Democracy, universal moral principles, and international cooperation.
What does democratic peace theory claim about mature democracies?Answer: They rarely fight wars against one another.