Introductory psychologyLesson 1 of 1 in the course Personality

Humanistic Psychology: Maslow’s Needs and Rogers’s Self-Concept

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Humanism arose partly in response to two influential approaches. Psychoanalysis was criticized for emphasizing unconscious conflict and psychological disturbance, while behaviorism was criticized for portraying people as largely passive responders to their environment. Humanists argued that these perspectives can miss the depth and meaning of lived experience and people’s capacity to make choices and transform their lives.

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What does humanistic psychology emphasize?
It emphasizes the meaning of human experience, personal choice, healthy development, and people’s capacity for self-directed change and growth.
What is self-actualization?
In Maslow’s theory, self-actualization is the pursuit or achievement of one’s fullest potential, associated with growth rather than merely addressing something that is missing.
How do the real self and ideal self differ?
The real self is the person someone believes they actually are; the ideal self is the person they would like to be.
What are congruence and incongruence?
Congruence is a close fit between the real self and ideal self. Incongruence is a substantial gap between them and may contribute to maladjustment.
What is unconditional positive regard?
It is acceptance and care that do not depend on meeting particular conditions. Rogers proposed that it can help people develop a more caring attitude toward themselves.

Quiz questions

  1. Why is humanistic psychology often described as psychology’s “third force”?Answer: It added emphasis on lived experience, personal choice, and human potential.
  2. How did Maslow distinguish between types of needs?Answer: Some address what is missing, while others motivate continued growth.
  3. How should Maslow’s hierarchy of needs be understood?Answer: It suggests a general ordering, not a strict sequence everyone follows.
  4. What kind of people did Maslow study when developing his ideas about healthy development?Answer: People he regarded as healthy, creative, and productive.
  5. What does the humanistic emphasis on personal choice imply about life circumstances?Answer: Choice matters, but circumstances can constrain a person’s growth.

Based on Psychology 2e by Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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