This lesson introduces three connected concepts that help explain how group-based judgments can influence behavior. Understanding the differences between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination makes it easier to recognize how unfair treatment begins and how it can affect people.
People belong to many social groups, including groups based on gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, social class, religion, sexual orientation, and profession. A person can belong to several groups at the same time. These memberships can contribute to a sense of identity, but they do not tell us everything about an individual.
All flashcards
What is the dual attitudes model?
A distinction between explicit attitudes, which are conscious and reportable, and implicit attitudes, which are less consciously accessible and harder to control directly.
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
An expectation that changes behavior in a way that tends to make the expectation come true.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to seek, notice, or interpret information in ways that support existing expectations while overlooking conflicting information.
What is a double bind in the context of sexism?
Conflicting pressure in which a woman may be judged negatively for assertiveness while also being expected to demonstrate competence.
What can support reconciliation between groups?
Empathy, acknowledgment of suffering on both sides, and stopping destructive behaviors.
Quiz questions
In the dual attitudes model, what characterizes an explicit attitude?Answer: It is conscious and can be reported directly.
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?Answer: An expectation that shapes behavior in a way that tends to make it come true.
Which description best defines confirmation bias?Answer: Favoring information that supports existing expectations over conflicting evidence.
What does ageism mean?Answer: Prejudice or discrimination toward people based on age.
Which situation illustrates the double bind described in relation to sexism?Answer: A woman is judged negatively for assertiveness while expected to demonstrate competence.
Based on Psychology 2e by Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.