Sociologists use theories to explain social patterns and develop questions that can be investigated with evidence. This lesson introduces sociological theory, levels of analysis, and the three major paradigms that organize many sociological explanations.
A sociological theory is an explanation of aspects of social interaction and social life. Theories help sociologists organize observations, explain why patterns occur, and develop testable propositions. A specific testable proposition about society is called a hypothesis.
All flashcards
What does sociological theory do?
It explains aspects of social life and interaction, helps organize observations, and can guide the formation of testable hypotheses.
What is a hypothesis?
A specific, testable proposition about society that can be investigated with evidence.
How do macro- and micro-level analysis differ?
Macro-level analysis studies large-scale structures and groups; micro-level analysis studies specific interactions among individuals or small groups.
What is a sociological paradigm?
A broad philosophical and theoretical framework that guides how sociologists develop explanations and conduct research.
What are the three major sociological paradigms?
Structural functionalism focuses on how parts of society contribute to the whole; conflict theory emphasizes inequality and power; symbolic interactionism examines meanings created in interaction.
Quiz questions
What is a sociological paradigm?Answer: A broad framework that guides theories and research in a discipline.
What question is central to structural functionalism?Answer: How do parts of society contribute to the whole?
In sociology, what is a manifest function?Answer: An intended or anticipated consequence of a social process.
What did Georg Simmel argue conflict can sometimes do?Answer: Strengthen group solidarity and support social integration.
According to Herbert Blumer, where do the meanings people act on arise?Answer: Through interaction with other people and society.
Based on Introduction to Sociology 3e by Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.