General chemistryLesson 1 of 3 in the course Thermochemistry

Energy, Heat Transfer, Heat Capacity, and Specific-Heat Calculations

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 4 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Energy changes accompany chemical and physical changes throughout everyday life. Food provides energy for living organisms, while fuels and industrial processes supply energy for transportation, heating, electricity, and manufacturing.

Energy is the capacity to supply heat or do work. In chemistry, work (ww) includes causing matter to move against an opposing force. Inflating a bicycle tire is an example: air is pushed into the tire against the pressure of the air already inside.

All flashcards

How is work defined in chemistry?
Work includes causing matter to move against an opposing force.
How do potential and kinetic energy differ?
Potential energy relates to position, composition, or condition; kinetic energy relates to motion.
What does specific heat describe?
The heat required to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius or kelvin.
How does temperature differ from heat?
Temperature measures hotness and relates to average particle kinetic energy; heat is thermal energy in transfer.
How can molten salts support solar thermal electricity generation?
They store thermal energy that can later help produce steam and electricity.

Quiz questions

  1. Which statement describes conservation of energy during a chemical or physical change?Answer: Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it is not created or destroyed.
  2. How many joules are equivalent to one small calorie?Answer: 4.184 J
  3. A sample cools without changing phase. Using q=cmΔTq=cm\Delta T, what is the sign of qq for the sample?Answer: Negative, because its final temperature is lower than its initial temperature.
  4. For equal masses and equal temperature increases, which substance requires more heat: iron or liquid water?Answer: Liquid water, because its specific heat is higher.
  5. In a solar thermal plant, what is the purpose of storing heat in molten salts?Answer: To retain thermal energy for later steam and electricity generation.

Based on Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson, PhD (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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