Artificial intelligenceLesson 4 of 5 in the course Knowledge representation

Expert Systems: Architecture, Reasoning, and Applications

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

An expert system is an artificial intelligence program designed to emulate some decision-making abilities of a human specialist. This lesson introduces the purpose of these systems and the main components that make their reasoning possible.

An expert system solves problems by reasoning over a body of knowledge. Much of that knowledge is represented as if–then rules, rather than being embedded only in conventional procedural code. For example: “If a patient has symptom A and test result B, then consider diagnosis C.” A system can apply such rules to information supplied by a user or stored in a database.

All flashcards

Expert system
An AI system that emulates expert decision-making in a defined domain by reasoning over represented knowledge.
Knowledge base
The component that stores domain facts and rules, and may organize knowledge into classes and instances.
Inference engine
The reasoning component that applies relevant rules to known facts and derives new information.
Explanation facility
A component that traces the facts and rules used to reach a conclusion.
Knowledge-acquisition problem
The difficulty of extracting specialist expertise and formalizing it as knowledge a system can use.

Quiz questions

  1. In a rule written as “If the temperature exceeds a threshold, then activate an alarm,” what is the antecedent?Answer: The condition that the temperature exceeds the threshold.
  2. How does forward chaining typically proceed in a rule-based system?Answer: It starts with known facts and applies rules to derive further facts.
  3. A rule-based system is asked whether a particular conclusion is true. Which reasoning strategy starts from that goal and checks its supporting conditions?Answer: Backward chaining.
  4. What does truth maintenance allow an expert system to do when a supporting fact changes?Answer: Withdraw or revise conclusions that depended on the changed fact.
  5. Which approach is generally better suited than rule-based reasoning alone to recognizing patterns in noisy audio?Answer: Neural networks that learn patterns from data.

Based on the Wikipedia article Expert system, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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