Chemical engineeringLesson 4 of 4 in the course Separation processes

Membrane Separation: Transport, Performance, Modules, and Biomass Materials

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Membrane technology uses selective barriers to separate substances or control their transport between fluids. It is important in water treatment, manufacturing, health care, and environmental protection.

A membrane is a barrier that allows some substances to pass while retaining or slowing others. In a simple porous membrane, particles smaller than the pores may pass through, while larger particles are retained. For example, a membrane with pores smaller than harmful microorganisms can remove those organisms from a liquid stream.

All flashcards

Solution-diffusion model
A transport model in which a component dissolves in a dense membrane and then diffuses through it.
Concentration polarization
Accumulation of rejected components near a membrane surface, creating a concentration gradient that can reduce flux.
Darcy's law for membrane filtration
At fixed pressure and fluid properties, permeate flow increases with membrane area and decreases with total resistance: Q=ΔpμA1Rm+RQ = \frac{\Delta p}{\mu} A \frac{1}{R_m + R}.
Solute sieving coefficient
The ratio of solute concentration in the permeate to that in the feed: S=CpCfS = \frac{C_p}{C_f}.
Biomass-based membrane
A membrane made using organic resources such as plant fibers or agricultural residues.

Quiz questions

  1. Which membrane module consists of bundles of narrow, self-supporting fibers?Answer: Hollow-fiber module
  2. How can tangential flow in cross-flow filtration help limit fouling?Answer: Surface shear sweeps away deposits and disrupts filter-cake buildup.
  3. Which operation is classified primarily as concentration-driven in membrane processes?Answer: Dialysis
  4. A membrane's molecular weight cut-off is commonly defined using what retention level for a globular molecule?Answer: 90% retention
  5. Which technique is used to identify functional groups and chemical bonds in a membrane?Answer: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

Based on the Wikipedia article Membrane technology, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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