This lesson introduces the reasons European states began integrating their economies and institutions, and traces important stages in the development of the European Union (EU).
After the devastation of World War II, European leaders sought lasting peace through economic, social, and political cooperation. The idea was that countries with closely connected economies would have powerful reasons to resolve disputes peacefully. Integrating important industries could make another war materially more difficult as well as politically less likely.
All flashcards
What was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?
A community established by the 1951 Treaty of Paris to integrate coal and steel production among six founding states.
What is the principle of conferral in EU law?
The EU may act only within powers conferred on it by the treaties.
What is a preliminary ruling?
The CJEU’s authoritative answer to a national court’s question about EU-law interpretation or validity.
What does indirect effect require of national courts?
They must interpret national law, as far as possible, consistently with a directive’s wording and purpose.
What did the Maastricht Treaty do?
The 1992 treaty renamed the EEC as the European Union and expanded cooperation into additional areas.
Quiz questions
When can a directive have vertical direct effect against a state or an emanation of the state?Answer: After the implementation deadline, if the provision is clear, precise, and unconditional.
What is the role of the European Council in the EU?Answer: It sets broad political priorities and direction but does not perform legislative functions.
What must a national court do when applicable EU law conflicts with a national rule?Answer: Give effect to EU law and set aside the conflicting national rule in the case.
When may a selling arrangement fall outside the prohibition in TFEU Article 34 under the Keck approach?Answer: If it applies to all affected traders and affects domestic and imported goods alike in law and fact.
What does TFEU Article 34 broadly prohibit?Answer: Import quotas and national measures capable of hindering trade between member states.