BiochemistryLesson 2 of 5 in the course The Chemical Level of Organization

Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen Bonding in Water

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

This lesson introduces chemical bonds and explains how atoms become ions and form ionic bonds. These ideas help explain how salts dissolve and how charged particles contribute to electrical activity in the body.

Atoms do not need to physically touch or merge to be associated. Their negatively charged electrons repel one another, but electrical attractions between atoms can hold them near each other. A chemical bond is an electrical attraction that holds atoms in the same vicinity. Bonded groupings are generally more stable than the separated atoms.

All flashcards

What is a chemical bond?
An electrical attraction that holds atoms near one another.
How do molecules and compounds differ?
A molecule is two or more bonded atoms; a compound is a molecule with atoms of different elements.
How do cations and anions form?
Losing electrons forms a positively charged cation; gaining electrons forms a negatively charged anion.
How do covalent and ionic bonds differ?
Covalent bonds involve shared electrons; ionic bonds are attractions between oppositely charged ions.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak attraction between a partially positive bonded hydrogen and another electronegative atom.

Quiz questions

  1. What is a molecule?Answer: A grouping of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
  2. What change can turn a neutral atom into an ion?Answer: Gaining or losing electrons gives the atom a net electrical charge.
  3. Why does potassium commonly form K+K^+?Answer: It commonly loses its single valence electron, leaving a net positive charge.
  4. What holds sodium and chloride ions together in an ionic association?Answer: The attraction between the oppositely charged Na+Na^+ and Cl−Cl^- ions.
  5. How can dissolved ions contribute to ECG and EEG signals?Answer: Their movement and interactions produce electrical activity in biological fluids.

Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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