Cell biologyLesson 2 of 6 in the course The Cellular Level of Organization

Cytoplasmic Organelles, Vesicle Traffic, and Cytoskeletal Functions

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

A cell is more than a membrane surrounding genetic material. Its cytoplasm contains a fluid medium and specialized structures that work together to keep the cell functioning. This lesson introduces the cytoplasm and follows the movement of products through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

The cytoplasm is the material inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus. It includes the cytosol and the organelles suspended in it. Cytosol is a jelly-like fluid that provides a medium for biochemical reactions and allows materials to move within the cell.

All flashcards

Cytoplasm
Material inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus, consisting of cytosol and organelles.
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER bears ribosomes and makes many proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and makes lipids, among other roles.
Golgi apparatus
A stack of membrane-bound sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages products into vesicles.
Autophagy
Cellular digestion and recycling of the cell’s own structures.
Oxidative stress
Cellular damage that occurs when reactive oxygen species overwhelm cellular defenses.

Quiz questions

  1. What are the folds of a mitochondrion’s inner membrane called?Answer: Cristae, which provide surface area for cellular respiration.
  2. Which organelle contains enzymes that help convert hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?Answer: The peroxisome.
  3. Which protein forms the main structural subunits of microtubules?Answer: Tubulin.
  4. Which cytoskeletal filament type is especially important for resisting tension?Answer: Intermediate filaments.
  5. How do actin and myosin help a dividing animal cell separate into two cells?Answer: They help form and constrict the cleavage furrow.

Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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