Cell biologyLesson 4 of 6 in the course The Cellular Level of Organization

Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis: Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

A gene is a functional segment of DNA containing information used to make a functional product, often a protein. A cell’s proteome is its complete set of proteins, while its genome is its complete set of DNA. Gene expression is the use of information in a gene to produce a gene product. By controlling which genes are expressed, cells influence their structures and functions.

All flashcards

What is gene expression?
The use of information in a gene to produce a gene product, such as a protein.
What is a codon?
A three-base sequence in mRNA that specifies an amino acid or a translation signal.
What is the role of mRNA?
Messenger RNA carries genetic instructions from a gene to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
Name three differences between RNA and DNA.
RNA is usually single-stranded, contains ribose, and uses uracil; DNA contains deoxyribose and uses thymine.
What happens during transcription?
RNA polymerase reads a DNA template and joins complementary RNA nucleotides to produce an RNA transcript.

Quiz questions

  1. What is a gene?Answer: A functional DNA segment containing information for a gene product.
  2. What can alternative splicing allow one gene to produce?Answer: Different mature mRNA variants and, often, different protein forms.
  3. What are ribosomes made of?Answer: Ribosomal RNA and proteins.
  4. What signals the end of translation?Answer: The ribosome reaches a stop codon.
  5. What is a polyribosome?Answer: Several ribosomes translating the same mRNA at the same time.

Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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