What does $\Delta U=Q-W$ mean under the stated sign convention?

The change in internal energy equals heat added to the system minus work done by the system.

What is a state property in thermodynamics?

A property whose value depends on the system's current state, not the path taken to reach it.

What is pressure-volume work for a small volume change in a simple compressible system?

Work done by the system is represented by $\delta W=P\,dV$.

What was Leibniz's concept of vis viva?

A quantity associated with motion that anticipated the modern concept of kinetic energy.

What does $E=mc^2$ express?

The equivalence between an object's mass and its rest energy, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum.

ThermodynamicsLesson 3 of 4 in the course Mass and energy balances

Energy Conservation Across Thermodynamics, Relativity, and Quantum Physics

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental principle used to understand changes in physical systems. It explains why energy can change form or move between objects without appearing from nothing or disappearing.

The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred between parts of a system or transformed from one form into another.

All flashcards

What does $\Delta U=Q-W$ mean under the stated sign convention?: The change in internal energy equals heat added to the system minus work done by the system.
What is a state property in thermodynamics?: A property whose value depends on the system's current state, not the path taken to reach it.
What is pressure-volume work for a small volume change in a simple compressible system?: Work done by the system is represented by $\delta W=P\,dV$ .
What was Leibniz's concept of vis viva?: A quantity associated with motion that anticipated the modern concept of kinetic energy.
What does $E=mc^2$ express?: The equivalence between an object's mass and its rest energy, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum.

Quiz questions

What must an open-system energy balance include in addition to heat and work?Answer: Energy carried across the boundary by incoming and outgoing matter.
For a simple compressible system undergoing a small volume change, how is work done by the system represented?Answer: $\delta W=P\,dV$
According to Noether's theorem, what conserved quantity is associated with time-translation symmetry?Answer: Energy.
What does the mass defect of a bound nucleus correspond to?Answer: The nucleus's binding energy.
In quantum mechanics, what happens to the expectation value of energy during normal unitary evolution with a time-independent Hamiltonian?Answer: It is preserved.

Based on the Wikipedia article Conservation of energy, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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