Clinical medicineLesson 1 of 3 in the course Diabetic Drugs

Diabetes: Glucose Regulation, Types, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

5 flashcards · 4 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease involving elevated blood glucose and changes in the way the body uses carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This lesson explains the role of pancreatic cells and compares type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.

Together, these hormones help maintain glucose homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus occurs when insulin production or use is insufficient to keep blood glucose in a healthy range.

All flashcards

What do pancreatic alpha cells produce?
Glucagon, which promotes the breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose.
What is insulin resistance?
An inadequate response of body cells to insulin, making blood glucose harder to regulate.
What is the underlying process in type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in little or no insulin production.
What is gestational diabetes?
Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in someone who did not already have diabetes.
What does prediabetes indicate?
Blood glucose above normal but below the stated diagnostic range for diabetes, with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Quiz questions

  1. What does an A1c test measure?Answer: The proportion of hemoglobin coated with glucose, reflecting average blood glucose over about 90 days.
  2. For someone who can safely take oral carbohydrates, what sequence describes the 15–15 rule for low blood glucose?Answer: Take 15 grams of carbohydrate, recheck in 15 minutes, and repeat if still below 70 mg/dL.
  3. A person with diabetes is unconscious and cannot swallow safely during a suspected severe hypoglycemic episode. What is an appropriate response?Answer: Do not give oral carbohydrates; seek urgent help and use glucagon according to the care plan.
  4. When is gestational diabetes testing usually performed?Answer: Between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.

Based on Pharmacology for Nurses by Tina Barbour-Taylor, Leah Mueller (Sabato), Donna Paris, Dorie Weaver (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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