HistologyLesson 5 of 5 in the course The Tissue Level of Organization

Tissue Injury, Repair, Aging, and Cancer

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 4 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

This lesson explains how tissues respond to injury and how the body begins to repair damaged areas. Understanding these processes helps explain the signs of inflammation, the roles of different cells and chemicals, and why wounds heal in different ways.

Inflammation is the body’s standard initial response to injury. Injuries caused by biological, chemical, physical, or radiation agents trigger a similar sequence of events. Inflammation helps limit the extent of damage, remove or reduce its cause, and initiate tissue repair and regeneration.

All flashcards

How do necrosis and apoptosis differ?
Necrosis is accidental cell death that causes inflammation. Apoptosis is regulated cell death that generally removes unneeded cells without initiating inflammation.
What is regeneration?
Replacement of injured cells by new cells of the same type.
How do primary and secondary union differ?
Primary union occurs when wound edges are close together. Secondary union involves a more open wound that refills and contracts.
What is senescence?
Age-related change affecting cells, tissues, and organs.
How do mutations and epigenetic modifications differ?
A mutation changes DNA permanently; an epigenetic modification changes how DNA is decoded without changing its code.

Quiz questions

  1. What do histamine and other inflammatory mediators do to nearby blood vessels?Answer: They promote vasodilation and increase vessel permeability.
  2. How do NSAIDs reduce pain associated with inflammation?Answer: They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.
  3. What can happen as telomeres shorten with repeated cell division?Answer: Cells become less able to divide and regenerate.
  4. Which feature distinguishes a malignant tumor from a benign tumor?Answer: It can invade surrounding tissue and may spread to other organs.
  5. What is a limitation of radiation and chemotherapy described in cancer treatment?Answer: They can damage healthy tissues as well as cancer cells.

Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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