PharmacologyLesson 1 of 2 in the course Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs

Antiplatelet Drugs: Aspirin, P2Y12 Inhibitors, and Eptifibatide

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Antiplatelet drugs reduce platelet activation and/or adhesion, helping prevent or treat thrombus formation. This lesson introduces their role and focuses on aspirin, a widely used antiplatelet with additional pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects.

Platelets help form clots when a blood vessel is injured. Antiplatelet drugs interfere with platelet activity, reducing the likelihood that platelets will aggregate into a thrombus. They are used in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and in prevention of ischemic stroke. A common use is treatment after acute coronary syndrome or placement of a coronary artery stent.

All flashcards

Why can clopidogrel have a reduced effect in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers?
Clopidogrel is a prodrug whose activation depends on CYP2C19; reduced enzyme function can limit its activation.
Which history is a contraindication to prasugrel?
A history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
What notable adverse effect and contraindication are associated with ticagrelor?
Dyspnea is a notable adverse effect; a history of intracranial hemorrhage is a contraindication.
What is distinctive about cangrelor among the P2Y12 inhibitors described?
It is an intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor used during PCI, with rapid onset and platelet recovery within about an hour after stopping.
How does eptifibatide reduce platelet adhesion?
It inhibits platelet GPIIbIIIa receptors, disrupting the final step of platelet-to-platelet adhesion.

Quiz questions

  1. Why may a loading dose be used when starting a P2Y12 inhibitor for an acute coronary event?Answer: To achieve a therapeutic antiplatelet effect more rapidly.
  2. What is the general preoperative interruption period described for P2Y12 inhibitors?Answer: Generally 5–7 days, depending on the agent and clinical plan.
  3. Which condition is a contraindication to ticagrelor?Answer: A history of intracranial hemorrhage.
  4. According to the provided guidance, when should eptifibatide be discontinued based on platelet count?Answer: When the platelet count falls below 100,000/mm³.
  5. Why should a client taking an antiplatelet drug not stop it without clinical guidance?Answer: Premature discontinuation can increase cardiovascular event risk.

Based on Pharmacology for Nurses by Tina Barbour-Taylor, Leah Mueller (Sabato), Donna Paris, Dorie Weaver (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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