This lesson explores how Alfred Adler and Erik Erikson reshaped psychoanalytic ideas by emphasizing social relationships and development rather than treating sexual drives as the central force in personality.
Alfred Adler was an early colleague of Freud and the first president of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Society. He later broke with Freud and founded individual psychology, which focuses on people’s efforts to compensate for feelings of inferiority.
All flashcards
What is individual psychology?
Adler’s approach to personality, emphasizing efforts to address inferiority and the importance of social life.
What are Erikson’s psychosocial stages?
Eight lifespan stages, each involving a central social and psychological conflict.
What is the collective unconscious in Jung’s theory?
Jung’s proposed universal layer of shared psychological patterns.
What is the persona in Jung’s theory?
A socially shaped role that mediates between the individual and society’s expectations.
When can a coping style become neurotic in Horney’s theory?
When it is used rigidly and compulsively, limiting choices and harming relationships.
Quiz questions
In Adler’s theory, what is an inferiority complex?Answer: A persistent feeling of inadequacy or of not meeting others’ or society’s standards.
How should Adler’s claims about birth order and personality be understood?Answer: They are hypotheses that research has not conclusively confirmed.
Which conflict is associated with Erikson’s later adulthood stage?Answer: Integrity versus despair.
How does Jung’s collective unconscious differ from the personal unconscious?Answer: It is proposed as a universal layer of shared patterns rather than material tied to an individual’s experiences.
In Horney’s account, what does moving away from people involve?Answer: Withdrawing from others and emphasizing detachment or self-sufficiency.
Based on Psychology 2e by Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.