A solution is more than a substance disappearing into a liquid: it is a uniform mixture in which particles of one or more substances are dispersed among particles of another. This lesson introduces the parts of a solution and the traits that distinguish solutions from other mixtures.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The component present in the greater amount is usually called the solvent. Components present in lesser amounts are called solutes.
All flashcards
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, with solute particles dispersed throughout a solvent.
How do solute and solvent differ?
The solvent is usually present in the greater amount; solutes are present in lesser amounts.
How does sucrose dissolve compared with potassium dichromate?
Sucrose dissolves as intact molecules; potassium dichromate dissociates into potassium and dichromate ions.
What is solvation?
The formation of attractions between solute and solvent particles during dissolution.
How do exothermic and endothermic dissolution differ?
Exothermic dissolution releases heat; endothermic dissolution absorbs heat from the surroundings.
Quiz questions
What is the name for forming attractions between solute and solvent particles during dissolution?Answer: Solvation
What characterizes an ideal solution in terms of particle attractions and energy change?Answer: Unlike-particle attractions resemble like-particle attractions, so mixing causes no significant energy change.
What happens energetically when solute particles are separated and space is made among solvent particles?Answer: Energy is required for both steps.
What happens to the surroundings during exothermic dissolution?Answer: They warm as the dissolving process releases heat.
How can an endothermic dissolution still occur spontaneously?Answer: Increased dispersal of matter can favor the process despite heat absorption.
Based on Chemistry 2e by Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson, PhD (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.