Clinical medicineLesson 4 of 5 in the course Endocrine and metabolic disease

Metabolic Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria, Risk Factors, and Management

5 flashcards · 4 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Metabolic syndrome is a group of related risk factors that often occur together. Recognizing the cluster matters because it is associated with a greater likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

These components are related but not identical. A person may have metabolic risk even before developing diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes overlap in important ways, but they are not interchangeable diagnoses.

All flashcards

What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors diagnosed when at least three of five specified components are present.
What does central or visceral adiposity describe?
Excess fat concentrated mainly around the waist and trunk.
Are insulin resistance, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome interchangeable diagnoses?
No. They overlap, but each describes a distinct clinical concept.
Which eating pattern is associated with improvements in several metabolic risk factors?
A Mediterranean-style pattern emphasizing vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.
How is medication generally used to manage metabolic syndrome?
Medication usually targets individual risk factors or conditions rather than treating the syndrome with one drug.

Quiz questions

  1. What fasting-glucose threshold is listed for the NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III criteria?Answer: At least 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L).
  2. What additional requirement distinguishes the WHO 1999 definition of metabolic syndrome?Answer: Diabetes, impaired glucose regulation, or insulin resistance, plus at least two additional findings.
  3. Which measures are combined in the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI)?Answer: Waist-to-height ratio and the triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio.
  4. How may prolonged stress contribute to metabolic risk?Answer: Dysregulated stress signaling and elevated cortisol may promote glucose elevation and visceral adiposity.

Based on the Wikipedia article Metabolic syndrome, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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