Clinical psychologyLesson 11 of 11 in the course Psychological Disorders

Personality Disorders: DSM-5 Clusters, BPD, ASPD, and Contributing Factors

5 flashcards · 4 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

Personality describes a person's relatively stable way of thinking, feeling, acting, and relating to the world. This lesson introduces the features used to describe personality disorders and explains how the DSM-5 groups them into three clusters.

A personality style is a persistent pattern—not simply a temporary mood or an isolated behavior. A personality disorder is characterized by a style that differs markedly from cultural expectations, is pervasive and inflexible, begins by adolescence or early adulthood, and causes distress or impairment.

All flashcards

What characterizes a personality disorder?
An enduring, pervasive, and inflexible pattern that differs markedly from cultural expectations and causes distress or impairment; it typically begins by adolescence or early adulthood.
What are the central features of borderline personality disorder (BPD)?
Instability in relationships, self-image, and mood, along with marked impulsivity; fear of abandonment may also occur.
What does research suggest about factors associated with BPD?
Genetic vulnerabilities and environmental experiences, including childhood abuse or neglect, may interact; neither risk factor alone guarantees the disorder.
What age and history are relevant to diagnosing antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?
Diagnosis is restricted to people aged 18 or older and includes a history of antisocial tendencies before age 15.
Which trait dimensions are prominent in the DSM-5 alternative model of ASPD?
Antagonism, including manipulation or disregard for others, and disinhibition, including impulsivity, irresponsibility, and risk-taking.

Quiz questions

  1. Which set of personality disorders belongs to Cluster B?Answer: Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders.
  2. About what proportion of the U.S. population is estimated to have borderline personality disorder (BPD)?Answer: About 1.4%.
  3. In the DSM-5 alternative model of antisocial personality disorder, which pairing of trait dimensions and features is accurate?Answer: Antagonism involves manipulation or disregard for others; disinhibition involves impulsivity or risk-taking.
  4. In a study of people with antisocial tendencies, what response was reported while participants anticipated an electric shock?Answer: Reduced skin conductance compared with people without antisocial tendencies.

Based on Psychology 2e by Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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