Clinical psychologyLesson 10 of 11 in the course Psychological Disorders

ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Features, Outcomes, and Evidence

5 flashcards · 4 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 4 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

This lesson introduces neurodevelopmental disorders and focuses on the defining features of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Understanding these conditions helps distinguish persistent patterns of difficulty from ordinary variations in childhood behavior.

Some psychological disorders are often diagnosed during adulthood, but a group of conditions typically becomes apparent early in life, often before a child starts school. The DSM-5 classifies these as neurodevelopmental disorders. They involve developmental difficulties that can affect personal, social, academic, and intellectual functioning. Although identification often occurs in childhood, these conditions may continue into adulthood.

All flashcards

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive-impulsive behavior that interferes with functioning.
Comorbidity
The presence of more than one disorder or condition in the same person.
Concordance
How often both members of a pair, such as twins, have the same condition.
Echolalia
Repeating words or phrases spoken by another person, immediately or after a delay.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
A neurodevelopmental disorder involving social communication differences and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.

Quiz questions

  1. What pattern in twin studies supports a genetic contribution to ADHD?Answer: Concordance is higher in identical twins than in fraternal twins.
  2. Which combination describes the central features of autism spectrum disorder?Answer: Social communication differences and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.
  3. What conclusion do the notes draw about vaccination and autism spectrum disorder?Answer: The scientific evidence described does not support a causal link.
  4. What can be concluded from research associating childhood ADHD with later life difficulties?Answer: The findings indicate increased group-level risks, not inevitable outcomes or proof of sole causation.

Based on Psychology 2e by Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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