Metabolism includes all the chemical reactions that sustain the body. This lesson introduces the two complementary types of metabolic reactions and explains how cells capture and use energy.
Metabolism is the sum of the chemical reactions involved in catabolism and anabolism. These processes work together: catabolism makes smaller molecules and releases energy, while anabolism builds larger molecules and requires energy.
All flashcards
How do catabolic and anabolic reactions differ?
Catabolic reactions break larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy; anabolic reactions build larger molecules and require energy.
What happens when ATP is broken down for cellular work?
The terminal phosphate group is removed, producing ADP and inorganic phosphate while releasing energy cells can use.
How do NAD and FAD participate in energy transfer?
They accept hydrogen and electrons to form NADH and FADH₂, reduced coenzymes that carry energy for ATP production.
What distinguishes Cushing disease from Cushing syndrome?
Cushing syndrome describes effects of excess cortisol from different causes; Cushing disease specifically involves excess ACTH from a pituitary tumor.
How is Addison’s disease generally treated?
Cortisol replacement therapy, usually continued for life.
Quiz questions
How do insulin and glucagon have opposing effects on blood glucose?Answer: Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage, while glucagon stimulates liver glycogen breakdown.
Which situation specifically describes Cushing disease?Answer: A pituitary tumor produces excess ACTH, stimulating excess cortisol release.
In a redox reaction, what happens to the electron donor and the electron recipient?Answer: The donor is oxidized, and the recipient is reduced.
Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates growth of cells, tissues, and bones?Answer: Growth hormone
What can happen when catabolism releases more energy than anabolism uses?Answer: The excess energy can be stored, including as fat.
Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.