NutritionLesson 4 of 4 in the course Metabolism and Nutrition

Energy Balance, Vitamins, and Dietary Minerals

5 flashcards · 5 quiz questions · 5 match pairs · 5 fill-in sentences · English

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Summary

This lesson explains how food supplies energy, how calorie intake and activity affect body weight, and how dietary patterns relate to obesity and health.

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in food supply energy for molecular, cellular, and organ-system activities. The body stores much excess energy primarily as fat. Both the quantity and quality of food matter: what and how much a person eats can influence health, body composition, and risk of disease.

All flashcards

What factors influence an individual's daily energy needs?
Needs vary with body mass, age, height, sex, activity level, and exercise.
How does energy balance relate to body weight?
Over time, intake that exceeds energy use can contribute to energy storage, primarily as fat; expending more energy than is consumed can support weight loss.
How are fat-soluble vitamins different from water-soluble vitamins?
Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K can accumulate in body fat; water-soluble vitamins are generally excreted in urine.
What is one function of vitamin C?
Vitamin C is needed to produce collagen and supports connective tissue and wound healing.
What does iron do in the body?
Iron supports oxygen transport in blood and ATP production.

Quiz questions

  1. What does a nutritional Calorie measure?Answer: The energy needed to raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius.
  2. Which nutrient generally requires the most energy for the body to process?Answer: Protein
  3. Which group contains only fat-soluble vitamins?Answer: Vitamins A, D, E, and K
  4. What is a key role of vitamin D?Answer: Supporting calcium absorption and bone growth
  5. Which trace mineral supports oxygen transport in blood?Answer: Iron

Based on Anatomy and Physiology 2e by J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix (OpenStax), licensed CC BY 4.0. Adapted into a summary, flashcards and quizzes.

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